Leptoxyphium
Leptoxyphium Speg., Physis, Rev. Soc. Arg. Cienc. Nat. 4 (no. 17): 294 (1918)
= Astragoxyphium Bat., Nascim. & Cif., in Batista & Ciferri, Quad. Lab. crittogam., Pavia 31: 45 (1963)
= Caldariomyces Woron., Annls mycol. 24 (3/4): 261 (1926)
= Megaloxyphium Cif., Bat. & Nascim., Publicações Inst. Micol. Recife 47: 3 (1956)
Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi number, MycoBank, GenBank
Classification: Capnodiaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi
Epiphytic and saprobic on leaves of many plants associated with sugary exudates from insects often causing sooty moulds. The mycelium is superficial, grey-brown to brown, branched, septate and constricted at the septum, forming an irregular network. The sexual morph is undetermined. The asexual morph is characterised by superficial pycnidia, which are dark brown to brown, developing from aggregated hyphae, the base bulbous and composed of parallel hyphae that are straight to slightly flexuous and sometimes with helical twisting, expanded to a funnel-shaped basal stalk and capulate head. Conidiogenous cells are phialidic, arising from the inner cell wall of the cupulate head. Conidia are small, ellipsoidal or rod-shaped, 1-celled, hyaline and guttulate or eguttulate (Woronichin 1926, Hughes 1976, Li et al. 2020, Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020).
Type species: Leptoxyphium graminum (Pat.) Speg., Physis, Rev. Soc. Arg. Cienc. Nat. 4(no. 17): 294 (1918)
≡ Capnodium graminum Pat., J. Bot., Paris 11: 348 (1897)
Notes: Leptoxyphium was introduced by Spegazzini (1918) with L. graminum as the type species. Chomnunti et al. (2011) considered Leptoxyphium as a separate genus within Capnodiaceae based on LSU and SSU sequence data. Li et al. (2020) regarded L. cacuminum and L. glochidion in synonymy with L. fumago based on LSU, SSU and ITS datasets and morphology which is currently accepted. Currently, there are 19 species listed in Leptoxyphium in Species Fungorum (May, 2024). However, only six species have sequence data (Chomnunti et al. 2011, Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020); L. cacuminum (LSU/SSU), L. glochidion (LSU/SSU/ITS), L. kurandae (LSU/SSU/ITS/tef-1α/rpb2), L. madagascariense (LSU/ITS/tef-1α/rpb2), L. citri (LSU/ITS/tef-1α/rpb2), and L. fumago (LSU/SSU/ITS/RPB2). The updated taxonomic treatment of this genus is Capnodiaceae, in Capnodiales (Dothideomycetes) (Wijayawardene et al. 2022).
For all accepted species: search in Species Fungorum Leptoxyphium.
Leptoxyphium fumago (MFLU 19-2892). a–c Sooty mould on the surface of host plant. d, g–i Synnematous conidiomata. e, f Funnel-shaped, cupulate head. j Conidia. k Germinating conidia. L Culture on MEA. Scale bars b, c = 100 μm, d = 50 μm, e–f, j–k = 10 μm, g = 20 μm, i = 10 μm. (Originally published in Li et al. (2020) and republished with authority)
References:
Spegazzini CL. 1918 – Notas micológicas. Physics (Buenos Aires) 4:281–329.
Hughes SJ. 1976 – Sooty moulds. Mycologia 68, 693–820.
Entry by Chao Chen1,2,3
Edited by Kevin D. Hyde1,3 & Ishara S. Manawasinghe1
1Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China.
2Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
Published online 2024-May 30.
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