Diaporthe
Diaporthe Nitschke, Pyrenomyc. Germ. 2: 240 (1870)
Sordariomycetes, Diaporthomycetidae, Diaporthales, Diaporthaceae
Saprobic, parasitic, or endophytic on the host plant. Sexual morph: see Senanayake et al. (2017, 2018). Asexual morph: Conidiomata brown to dark brown, solitary to gregarious or confluent, immersed to erumpent, pycnidial, globose to subglobose, unilocular, multilocular or convoluted, thick-walled, glabrous, ostiolate. Ostiole usually single, centrally or laterally located. Conidiomatal wall composed of thick-walled, brown cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores arising from the inner layer cells of the conidiomata, hyaline, cylindrical to subcylindrical, septate, branched at base or above, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, enteroblastic, phialidic, cylindrical to subcylindrical, usually integrated, determinate, smooth-walled, with periclinal thickenings towards apex. Conidia hyaline, of two types, but in some species with intermediates between the two, a) α-conidia, hyaline, fusiform, straight, guttulate or eguttulate, aseptate, smooth-walled; b) β-conidia, hyaline, filiform, straight or hamate, aseptate, smooth-walled, eguttulate.
Type species: Diaporthe eres Nitschke, Pyrenomyc. Germ. 2: 245 (1870)
Notes: Species of Diaporthe have broad host ranges and a worldwide distribution (Udayanga et al. 2012b, Gao et al. 2017, Senanayake et al. 2018). They have been reported as innocuous endophytes isolated from asymptomatic plant tissues (Murali et al. 2006, Botella and Diez 2011, Gomes et al. 2013), saprobes that colonize and degrade dead leaves, bark, twigs (Udayanga et al. 2012b, Senanayake et al. 2018), and destructive plant pathogens (Ménard et al. 2014, Guarnaccia et al. 2016, Torres et al. 2016), or even causing health problems in humans and other mammals (Sutton et al. 1999, Udayanga et al. 2011). Many Diaporthe species are associated with dieback, cankers, fruit and root rots, leaf spots, blights, decay and wilt on cultivated crops, trees, and ornamentals, leading to serious diseases and significant yield losses (Uecker 1988, Mostert et al. 2001, Van Rensburg et al. 2006, Diogo et al. 2010, Santos et al. 2011, Thompson et al. 2011, Udayanga et al. 2011, 2012a, 2014, 2015, Grasso et al. 2012, Gomes et al. 2013, Huang et al. 2015, Guarnaccia et al. 2016, Torres et al. 2016, Gao et al. 2017). Some endophytic species have been reported as producers of novel compounds with medicinal, agricultural and industrial applications (Bandre and Sasek 1977, Dettrakul et al. 2003, Lin et al. 2005, Kumaran and Hur 2009, Jordaan et al. 2006, Ash et al. 2010, Udayanga et al. 2011, Gomes et al. 2013).
The taxonomic history, nomenclature, and phylogeny of Diaporthe were detailed in Udayanga et al. (2012b), Gomes et al. (2013) and Gao et al. (2017). More than 1000 epithets of Diaporthe are listed in Index Fungorum (2020), but only one-fifth of taxa have been well-studied with molecular data (Udayanga et al. 2012b, 2014, Gomes et al. 2013, Gao et al. 2017, Senanayake et al. 2017, 2018, Yang et al. 2018). Recently, several new species are introduced to Diaporthe based on morphology and multigene sequence data (Yang et al. 2018, Zhou et al. 2019). We introduced a new species Diaporthe arezzoensis from Cytisus sp., and report an additional collection of D. foeniculina from Italy.
Distribution: worldwide.
References:
Li WJ, McKenZie EHC, Liu JK, Bhat DJ, Dai DQ, Caporesi E, Tian Q, Maharachcikumbura SSN, Luo ZL, Shang QJ, Zhang JF, Tangthirasunun N, Karunarathna SC, Xu JC, Hyde KD (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. Fungal Diversity 100: pages279–801.
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