Allantophomopsis
Allantophomopsis Petr., Annls. mycol. 23(1/2): 104 (1925)
Leotiomycetes, Leotiomycetidae, Phacidiales, Phacidiaceae
Saprobic on dead leaves and stems of host plant. Sexual morph: Apothecia brown to black, solitary to gregarious, or confluent, subepidermal, immersed to semi-immersed, or erumpent, ellipsoid to conical, unilocular, glabrous, ostiole absent, dehiscing by an irregular split in the upper host tissue. Peridium composed of thick-walled, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising paraphyses and asci. Paraphyses hyaline, numerous, slender, branched, anastomosing, septate, often constricted at septa. Asci unitunicate, 8-spored, clavate, rounded at apex, with a distinct apical ring, short-pedicellate, with an amyloid (I+) apical apparatus. Ascospores hyaline, uniseriate, biseriate, or irregularly arranged, ellipsoid to fusiform, unicellular, smooth-walled, guttulate. Asexual morph: Conidiomata brown to dark brown or black, stromatic, pycnidial, solitary to gregarious, subepidermal, immersed to semi-immersed or erumpent, globose to subglobose, irregularly plurilocular, glabrous, papillate, ostiolate. Ostiole single, cylindrical to circular, centrally located. Conidiomatal wall composed of thick-walled, pale brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis to textura epidermoidea, textura globulosa or textura prismatica. Conidiophores formed from the innermost layers of conidiomata wall, hyaline, subcylindrical, branched, septate, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, enteroblastic, with percurrent proliferation at apex, annellidic, cylindrical to ampulliform, discrete or integrated, smooth-walled. Conidia hyaline, fusiform to occasionally navicular, or irregular, unicellular, smooth-walled, guttulate, bearing a funnel-shaped or irregular, mucoid apical appendage, sometimes with a small, inconspicuous basal appendage (Nag Raj 1993, Crous et al. 2015a).
Type species: Allantophomopsis cytisporea (Fr.) Petr., Annls mycol. 23(1/2): 104 (1925)
Notes: Allantophomopsis has been revised by several authors. Clements and Shear (1931) considered Allantophomopsis a synonym of Phoma; Sutton (1977a) regarded Allantophomopsis as synonym of Ceuthospora; Carris (1990) demonstrated the synonymy of Apostrasseria with Allantophomopsis. Nag Raj (1993) gave detailed accounts of the genus and its synonyms, and recognized seven species in the genus, viz. A. abietina Nag Raj, A. cytisporea (Fr.) Petr., A. fusiformis (Nag Raj) Nag Raj, A. lycopodina (Höhn.) Carris, A. pseudotsugae (M. Wilson) Nag Raj, A. pusilla (Lib.) Nag Raj and A. robusta (Nag Raj) Nag Raj. Crous et al. (2015a) epitypified the type species, A. cytisporea collected from Latvia on infected berries of Oxycoccus macrocarpus based on morphology and ITS and LSU sequence data. They placed Allantophomopsis in Phacidiaceae (Leotiomycetes) and resurrected A. lunata as a separate species, which had been synonymized under A. cytisporea (Nag Raj 1993). However, Allantophomopsis pseudotsugae had already been designated as the type for the new genus Allantophomopsiella (Crous et al. 2014d). Allantophomopsis fusiformis, which shares a similar form of conidiomata and conidia with the type species A. cytisporea, was listed as a synonym of Phacidium taxicola (Index fungorum 2019). This connection was probably reported because of their association on the same host (Nag Raj 1983, DiCosmo 1983), and no other reason or evidence, however, was provided to support this linkage. Furthermore, the asexual morph of Phacidium sensu stricto is Ceuthospora Grev., which is morphologically distinct from Allantophomopsiella (Crous et al. 2014d). We re-examined the type materials of A. fusiformis and its presumed sexual morph Phacidium taxicola Dearn. & House. and provide a detailed description and photo plates.
Distribution: Austria, Canada, Germany, Latvia, Sweden, UK, USA (Nag raj 1993, Crous et al. 2015a, this study).
References:
Li WJ, McKenZie EHC, Liu JK, Bhat DJ, Dai DQ, Caporesi E, Tian Q, Maharachcikumbura SSN, Luo ZL, Shang QJ, Zhang JF, Tangthirasunun N, Karunarathna SC, Xu JC, Hyde KD (2020) Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. Fungal Diversity 100: pages279–801.
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