Neoascochyta
Neoascochyta Qian Chen & L. Cai, in Chen, Jiang, Zhang, Cai & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 82: 198 (2015)
Citation when using this entry, Chen C. et al. in prep. – An updated monograph of Coelomycetes, Mycosphere
Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi number, MycoBank, GenBank
Classification: Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi
Saprobic or pathogenic on terrestrial plants or from soil or human bodies. The sexual morph is characterised by pseudothecial ascomata, which are immersed or erumpent, separate or aggregated, globose to subglobose and ostiolate. Asci are 8-spored, bitunicate, short pedicellate or sessile, cylindrical to subclavate, and slightly curved. Ascospores are hyaline, biseriate or irregular uniseriate, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, symmetrical or asymmetrical, and cylindrical to ovoid and ellipsoidal (Chen et al. 2015). The asexual morph is characterised by the immersed to semi-immersed pycnidial conidiomata, which are dark brown to black, unilocular, glabrous, separate or aggregated, and globose to subglobose or ovoid and ostiolate. The ostiole is single and located in the centre. The pycnidial wall is comprised of textura angularis to textura globosa, thick-walled and dark brown to hyaline cells. Conidiophores are reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells are enteroblastic and phialidic, smooth-walled, determinate, doliiform to ampulliform, or short obpyriform, and hyaline. Conidia are hyaline, smooth-walled, guttulate, 0–1-septate, variable shape, obclavate-ovoid to ellipsoidal, or cylindrical to subcylindrical, and or fusiform (Chen et al. 2015, Li et al. 2020).
Type species: Neoascochyta exitialis (Morini) Qian Chen & L. Cai, in Chen, Jiang, Zhang, Cai & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 82: 200 (2015)
= Sphaerella exitialis Morini, Nuovo G. bot. ital. 18(1): 37 (1886)
= Didymella exitialis (Morini) E. Müll., Phytopath. Z. 19: 407 (1952)
= Mycosphaerella exitialis (Morini) Tomilin, Nov. sist. Niz. Rast. 3: 172 (1966)
Notes: Neoascochyta was introduced by Chen et al. (2015) based on N. exitialis as the type species. At the same time, Chen et al. (2015) accepted five species (N. desmazieri, N. europaea, N. exitialis, N. graminicola, and N. paspali) to Neoascochyta based on LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 datasets. Li et al. (2020) regarded N. adenii should be excluded from Neoascochyta based on morphology (setose conidiomata) and phylogeny, but they did not show the phylogenetic tree in that study. Neoascochyta species association with various Poaceae plant species also can be found in the macroalgae Fucus sp, tea plant and so on (Golzar et al. 2019, Gonçalves et al. 2020, Wang et al. 2024, Wilson et al. 2020). Currently, there are 18 species listed in Neoascochyta in Species Fungorum (July 2024). There are more than 500 sequence data available for Neoascochyta in GenBank (July 2024). The updated taxonomic treatment of this genus is Didymellaceae, in Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes) (Wijayawardene et al. 2022).
For all accepted species: see Species Fungorum, and search Neoascochyta.
Neoascochyta dactylidis (MFLU 19-2859, holotype) a Herbarium specimen. b, c Appearance of black conidiomata on the host. d Vertical section of conidioma. e Vertical sections of peridium. f Ostiole. g–j Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. k Germinating conidium. l–o Conidia. Scale bars: b = 500 µm, c = 100 µm, d = 50 µm, e = 20 µm, f = 50 µm, g = 5 µm, h–o = 10 µm. (Originally published in Li et al. (2020) and republished with authority)
References
Chen Q, Jiang JR, Zhang GZ, Crous PW. 2015 – Resolving the Phoma enigma. Studies in Mycology 82, 137–217.
Golzar H, Thomas G, Jayasena KW, Wright D et al. 2019 – Neoascochyta species cause leaf scorch on wheat in Australia. Australasian plant disease notes 14, 1–5.
Gonçalves MFM, Esteves AC, Alves A. 2020 – Revealing the hidden diversity of marine fungi in Portugal with the description of two novel species, Neoascochyta fuci sp. nov. and Paraconiothyrium salinum sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70(10), 5337–5354.
Li WJ, McKenzie EH, Liu JK, Bhat DJ et al. 2020 – Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. Fungal Diversity 100, 279–801.
Wang Y, Tu Y, Chen X, Jiang H et al. 2024 – Didymellaceae species associated with tea plant (Camelliasinensis) in China. MycoKeys 105, 217.
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Dai DQ, Sánchez-García ML et al. 2022 – Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa–2021. Mycosphere 13(1), 53–453.
Wilson A, Cuddy WS, Park RF, Harm GFS et al. 2020 – Investigating hyperparasites as potential biological control agents of rust pathogens on cereal crops. Australasian Plant Pathology 49, 231–238.
Edited by Kevin D. Hyde1,3 & Ishara S. Manawasinghe1
1Innovative Institute for Plant Health, College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, P.R. China.
2Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
Published online 2024-June 30.
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